论文发表，文医学论文写作中的常见错误及解析2

 英英文医学论文写作中的常见错误类别繁多，不一而足，主要可分为文法和意义两类。文法包括：词汇、语法、句法等方面；意义上的错误主要是所用词汇及语句不能正确地表达实际意义。本部分将简单分析英文医学论文写作中的几类常见错误，并进行说明更正。
一、误用时态
例1：7his article reported two cases of congenital neuroblastoma ofaderenal medulla origin．
例2：7he results indicated that the incidence is higher in summerand lower in winter．
例3：In this group，brain tumor are removed in 36 patients，pallia-tive operation is performed on 5 patients，and chemotherapy is used in 3patients．
进行“本文报道……”等一般性叙述，包括介绍某学科研究现状以及对实验结果作分析、讨论，作出结论和展望，应使用一般现在时和现在完成时。因此，例1、2中均应使用一般现在时。而实验过程中的动作、活动，或是该项研究已作的检查，均为已经发生的事，应用过去时态表达。在有观察、分析、操作等内容的方法、结果部分，应使用过去时态。因此例3的时态错误，应用过去时态表达。
二、误认为被动语态优于主动语态
例1：Oxygen is needed for combustion．
例2：The incidence of disease was decreased by 20％．
一般在英语论文写作中有一种误解，即科技论文的特点就是多用被动语态，其实不然。被动语态有时会使论文毫无生气、沉闷严肃，因此使用应适宜(如在不知道动作执行者为谁时，如：了he rabbits wereeXccuted 3 days latcr)。例1宜改为：Combustion needs oxygen．例2家改为：The incidence of disease decreased by 20％．
三、句子成分缺失
例l：Vital capaCity：42％，maximal breathing capacity:36%,ven-  例2：All the patientS were reC0vered after operation，  5 dischargedfrom hospital in 20—60 days and one still in convalescence．
form hospital in 20-60 days and one still in convalescence.
常忌讳的。一个句子的成分必须完整，不能丟三落四溃不成句。例1应修改为：Vital capacity was 42％,maximal breathing capacity was36％，and ventilatory reserve was 75.3％。例2应修改为：Au the pa-tients reCovered after 0peration，5 were dischar8ed from hospital in 20-  例1：Six patients dicd afterOperation，with a postopCrative dead rate
例2：Optimal OXygen transpOrt depends 0n the cmarkable capacity  有很多医学英语固定搭配是必须熟悉的，在使用时如果记忆不准确便会按字面意思生造单词或短语。如例1中的“dead ratc”，该词组想要表达的意思是死亡率，虽然从语法上看似乎没错，但“死亡率”的表达有固定的用法：“death rate”或者“mortality rate”。例2中“capacity”一词选用不当。单独来讲，似乎其也是“能力”的意思，但仔细分析，它主要是指容积、大小等包含能力，因此，应将其改为“ability”。
五、并列成分不相等
例1：7he serum IgG，IgA，and lymphocyte transformation test andacidophil count were performed prior to，during and the end of the treat—ment．
本例中，有三个并列的时间，分别是治疗前、治疗中和治疗后。由于是并列的成分，它们都应该是介宾结构。但是上例中的治疗后却少了介词at，应将其补充出来。所以应将这三个并列成分改为：prior to，during，and at the end of the treatment。
六、介词搭配不当
例1：Complete data of 53 patients with essential hypertension werecollected．
例2：The patient was given an operation of appendicitis．
例3：Forty—nine operations were performed tO the forty—siX patients．介词搭配不当在医学论文写作中是一种常见的错误。需要平时不断积累，加深对这些介词搭配的记忆。例1中来自53位病人的数据，介词不能用。of，应改为from；例2中表示原因的介词应该是for，而不是of；例3中的对病人做手术，介词应该用on，而不是to。
以上分别对一些常见的错误进行归类，并举例说明其错误的原因及如何进行更正。但是英文医学论文的写作中遇到的错误远不止这些，由于篇幅的原因，这里不一一赘述。下面列出几则具有典型问题的段落以及修改后的范文。
[例文一]
原文：This is a male of five years old．He was in apparent goodhealthy until about four days before he was admitted into hospital．Atthat time he began to have sneeze and complain some nasal blocking andpain throat．His coughing was persistent and did not bring up putumThe Datient had aIso conjunctivitis．His eyes was swelling and afraid ifseeing light．He has felt a heat for past few days，and today，it was 39℃feVer．Rccently，hc did not touched any children suffered from measles.
In Dhysical exam，the vital sign was normal limits，except theT.gener-allV，the child was regarded an acute illness．He was in coughing，andwould 0CCasionally  haVe  times  of  sneezing，  and  having  some  difficultbreathing．
修改后：This is a five—year．old boy who was in apparently goodhealth until about four days before admission to hospital．At that time,he began t0 sneeze and to complain of nasal obstruction and a sore throat.His couRh was persistent but none—productive．The patient also had con-junetivitis with swelling and photophobia．He has had a fever for the past{ew davs，and today，his temperature is 39*(2．Recently，he has not con-tacted anv 0ther Children Suffering from measles．On physical examina-tion．  the Vital  signs  were  in  the  normal  limits，  except  for  the  tempera-ture．In general，the child is acutely i11．He is coughing，and occasionallyhas sneezing，and some difficult breathing．
[例文二]
原文：7his was a seCOnd time of admission of the 61一year—old malewhO was compIained abOut cold and the increased short of breathing fortwo days．History 0f his faroily was negative to the diabete，tuberculos-es，a11ergy，asthma，and cancer，etc．His father was dead at the age 65due to heart illncss；His mother was living，now at 85．He had the usu-allv-seen childhood disease without any sequea．He was hospitalized atthe agef 28 oweing t0 his suffering from“thc preumonia and typh”.A1cohol was ingested by him“at Some。ccasion”．One or 2 packs ofcigarette were smokedby him a day since the age of 15 years old.Fof 16years prior to his admission，he has noted a persistant coughing and slowprogressive Short 0f breathing’  and for six years’  period’  a paroxysmalnocturnally dyspnea’orthoprea，a 35 1 g weight lost，and nocturnalswearing have been noted by him．
修改后：7his was the second admission of the 61-year—old man whoc。mplained of a cold and increasing shortness of breath for tWO days．Hisfamily history was negative for diabetes，tuberculosis，allergies，asthma，and cancer．His father died of heart disease at the age of 65；his motherwas alive，85 now．He had a usual childhood disease without any se-oucla．He was hospitalized at the age of 28 because of“the pneumoniaand typhoid”．He drank“on occasion”，and smoked one or two packs ofcigarettes each day from the age of 1 5．For 1 6 years before admission，hehad suffered from persistent cough and slowly progressive shortness ofbreath，and he had had paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea，orthopnea，a351g weight loss，and night sweats for six years．
当今社会，信息化速度不断加快，科技工作者不仅需要在国内进行交流，还有必要走上国际的舞台，与国外的同行共同分享自己的研究成果。英语作为一门世界性语言，在科技交流中起着不可替代的作用。用英语创作医学科技论文也就成为了我国医学科技工作者的必备技能。近年来，我国生物医学的科学研究发展很快，与国际先进水平的差距正在逐步缩小，对外学术交流也越来越广泛。在这种形势下，迫切需要加快国际学术交流能力的培养。英文医学论文写作能力的培养，正是其中的一个关键，但是现状却不容乐观。正如前文所述，在这方面仍然存在着颇多的问题，这就给我们提出了一个新的课题和挑战。
提高英文医学论文的写作能力并非一朝一夕之事。作为新世纪的医学科技工作者，我们应该开阔视野，广泛地与外界交流，努力提高自身的英语水平。脚踏实地，勤奋学习，在保证科研的先进性和新颖性的前提下，做好文字撰写工作，为我国医药卫生事业取得的先进成果做好交流和传播工作。
无论你是要职称论文发表、还是要教育论文发表，在投稿的时候一定要搞清楚杂志的真伪，鉴于现在发表论文出现的供小于求的局面，很多杂志社只顾自己挣钱，完全不顾论文发表后作者是否能顺利评上职称，是否能顺利毕业，在各大论文发表网的推波助澜下，演绎了无数的问题刊物，增刊、一号双刊、副刊、假刊、论文集等等，广大作者在选择论文代发机构时一定要注意对作者利益的保障措施是否到位，永远别轻信他们的诚信口号。